CAS 101013-07-4 Triton X-100 detergent, hydrogenated

Aggregation Behavior of Triton X-100 with Lipid Vesicles

Beyond the standard model of solubilization: Non-ionic surfactants induce collapse of lipid vesicles into rippled bilamellar nanodiscs Bjørnestad VA, et al. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2023, 641, 553-567.

This study elucidates the complex interplay between TX-100 and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipid vesicles highlighting the detergent's unique ability to induce the formation of stable, solubilization-resistant nanostructures.
Upon the addition of moderate amounts of TX-100 at low temperatures, the DPPC lipid vesicles undergo a significant morphological change, collapsing into bilamellar disc structures with a ripple phase. This transformation occurs as TX-100 molecules insert themselves into the lipid bilayers, creating packing constraints that induce the formation of a rippled bilamellar arrangement. The collapse is thought to result from a combination of osmotic pressure causing interbilayer attraction and destabilization of the water structure by TX-100 flipping across the membrane. The formation of ripples prevents solubilization and stabilizes the aggregates.
Contrastingly, negatively charged vesicles show a different response, forming larger bicelles upon TX-100 addition. These observations suggest that the detergent-lipid interactions are influenced by electrostatic properties, leading to diverse assembly pathways.
The study reveals that below the melting point of the lipid gel phase, TX-100 primarily forms free micelles, with minimal incorporation into the lipid ripples. This selective partitioning creates a concentration imbalance that triggers vesicle implosion into bilamellar nanodiscs. The formation of these structures is likely driven by a shift in the attractive-repulsive forces within the bilayer, caused by the dehydration effects of TX-100 molecules on the lipid head groups. It is hypothesized that DPPC bilayers resist complete solubilization by rearranging into a ripple phase where TX-100 molecules are confined within ordered line compressions. The ability of TX-100 to flip into the inner leaflet of the vesicle further facilitates the collapse into bilamellar sheet-like structures. The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of how TX-100 interacts with lipid bilayers to form solubilization-resistant nanodiscs, offering valuable insights for its use in membrane solubilization processes.

Catalog Number	ACM101013074-1
CAS	101013-07-4
Structure
Synonyms	Triton(R) X-100, hydrogenated
IUPAC Name	2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(2,4,4-Trimethylpentan-2-yl)cyclohexyl]oxyethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol
Molecular Weight	520.7
Molecular Formula	C28H56O8
Canonical SMILES	CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1CCC(CC1)OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO
InChI	InChI=1S/C28H56O8/c1-27(2,3)24-28(4,5)25-6-8-26(9-7-25)36-23-22-35-21-20-34-19-18-33-17-16-32-15-14-31-13-12-30-11-10-29/h25-26,29H,6-24H2,1-5H3
InChI Key	QQJNBKDKLMCALZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Complexity	486
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count	1
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
Exact Mass	520.39751874
Heavy Atom Count	36
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	1
Monoisotopic Mass	520.39751874
Rotatable Bond Count	24
Topological Polar Surface Area	84.8 Å²