CAS 822-16-2 Sodium Stearate - Vaccine Lab / Alfa Chemistry

Sodium Stearate for the Synthesis of Complexes Together with Zeinolysin Nanoparticles

Tuning the properties of plant-based whipped cream through zein nanoparticles-sodium stearate complex Grossi M, et al. Food Hydrocolloids, 2024, 155, 110219.

The role of sodium stearate in enhancing the stability and functionality of plant-based whipped cream, specifically through its incorporation into zein nanoparticle-sodium stearate complexes (ZNP-SS). The aim was to reduce the high saturated fat content of regular whipped cream by using plant proteins and unsaturated oils while overcoming the functional limitations of these plant ingredients.
The ZNP-SS complexes were prepared using a modified anti-solvent precipitation method:
Zein Nanoparticles (ZNP) Preparation:
Zein (26.25 g) was dissolved in 400 mL of 70% ethanol solution (v/v) and left to stir overnight. The zein solution was then added slowly to 1000 mL of deionized water under continuous stirring at 700 rpm.
After 5 minutes of constant stirring, the dispersion underwent rotary evaporation at 35°C until the zein concentration reached approximately 4.5% (w/v).
Formation of ZNP-SS Complexes:
The zein dispersion was divided into smaller batches, and sodium stearate was added to create a series of ZNP-SS complexes with varying ZNP to SS mass ratios: 3.5:0, 3.5:0.1, 3.5:0.35, and 3.5:0.6 (w/w). These were denoted as ZNP, ZNP-0.1, ZNP-0.35, and ZNP-0.6, respectively. The prepared ZNP-SS complexes were stored at 4°C or freeze-dried for further utilization.

Sodium Stearate in Micellar Media for Nickel Fluoride Complex Solubilization

Solubilization and partitioning study of nickel fluoride complex [Ni(dmen)2F2].8H2O in the micellar media of sodium stearate by conductometric and spectroscopic techniques Naz T, et al. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2023, 385, 122402.

This case study focuses on the solubilization and interaction of the nickel fluoride complex [Ni(dmen)₂F₂]·8H₂O (NDC) within sodium stearate micellar media, using conductometric and spectroscopic techniques.
The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of pure sodium stearate was found to increase from 4.0 mM to 5.2 mM in the presence of NDC. This increase is attributed to dehydration effects in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions of the micelle and the electrostatic interactions between NDC and SS. The conductometric measurements performed at different temperatures (298 K, 308 K, 318 K, and 328 K) showed a linear relationship between CMC and temperature, further indicating that micellization becomes more challenging due to increased entropy.
The thermodynamic analysis revealed that the solubilization process is driven by entropy and is spontaneous, as indicated by the negative value of the free energy of micellization. The solubilization is also governed by both enthalpy and entropy, suggesting that electrostatic and hydrophilic-hydrophobic interactions dominate the interaction between NDC and SS.
Partitioning studies using UV-Vis spectroscopy provided insights into the localization of NDC within SS micelles. The binding coefficient, partition constant, and standard free energy values indicated that NDC preferentially positions near the head groups of SS and partitions into the inner palisade layer of the micelles.
The study demonstrates sodium stearate's potential in micellar systems for the solubilization and delivery of metal-based drugs. The electrostatic and hydrophilic-hydrophobic interactions between SS and complexes like NDC could serve as a model for developing efficient drug delivery systems targeting specific sites in biological membranes.

Sodium Stearate in Composite Scaffold Fabrication

Crosslinking of a polycaprolactone/tourmaline scaffold by sodium stearate with improved mechanical strength and bioactivity Li D, et al. RSC Advances, 2023, 13(35), 24519-24535.

Sodium stearate's role in improving interfacial bonding and dispersion makes the polycaprolactone (PCL)/tourmaline (TM) composite scaffold a promising candidate for bone tissue engineering applications, offering enhanced mechanical properties through its innovative chemical interactions.
Preparation and Sintering Process
The preparation of modified TM involves mixing sodium stearate with TM powder in a thermostatic water bath, followed by solid-liquid separation and multiple washings to remove residual sodium stearate. The resulting modified TM powder is combined with PCL to create a homogeneous suspension. After centrifugation, drying, and mechanical grinding, the composite powder is ready for SLS processing. The ultimate tensile and compressive strengths of the PCL/3% modified TM specimens were improved by 21.8% and 32.1%, respectively, compared to pure PCL. These enhancements are primarily due to sodium stearate acting as an interface bridge between the hydrophobic PCL matrix and hydrophilic TM particles, facilitating their uniform dispersion.
Mechanism of Interaction
The effectiveness of sodium stearate in this composite scaffold stems from its dual-interaction mechanism. The carboxyl group at one end of sodium stearate forms ionic and hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl groups on the TM surface, enhancing interfacial adsorption. Concurrently, the hydrophobic long chain of sodium stearate is compatible with hydrophobic PCL, further improving TM's dispersion in the matrix. This dual mechanism contributes to the enhanced mechanical properties of the scaffold.

Sodium Stearate for Enhancing Nanoparticle Hydrophobicity

A Computational Chemistry Approach to the Molecular Design of SiO2 Nanoparticles Coated with Stearic Acid and Sodium Stearate in Ethanol Solvent. Galarza-Acosta GL , et al. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2023, 679, 132527.

Sodium stearate serves as an effective agent in modifying silica (SiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs), significantly increasing their hydrophobicity by facilitating complex interfacial interactions. The combination of experimental and computational data confirms that sodium stearate's surfactant properties can be precisely controlled to optimize nanoparticle coatings for specific applications in materials science and biomedicine.
Interaction Mechanisms with SiO₂ Nanoparticles
Sodium stearate adsorbs effectively onto SiO₂ nanoparticles by leveraging ion-dipole, electrostatic, and hydrogen bond interactions, depending on the degree of ionization of the SiO₂ surface. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations and experimental studies have shown that sodium ions (Na+) act as a bridge between the negatively charged carboxyl groups of sodium stearate and the silanol groups on SiO₂. This bridging effect reduces electrostatic repulsion, favoring adsorption on SiO₂ NPs with higher ionization degrees (10% and 23.3%), unlike non-ionized NPs (0%).
Experimental and Simulation Insights
Using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), the Work of Adhesion (Wadh) for unmodified SiO₂ NPs and those coated with sodium stearate was measured as 2.01 J/m², 1.72 J/m², and 1.43 J/m², respectively. A lower Wadh indicates increased hydrophobicity, consistent with the MD simulations where increased interaction energies were noted in the presence of solvent (ethanol). The simulations also confirmed that sodium stearate enhances the hydrophobic nature of the SiO₂ NPs through robust adsorption dynamics, demonstrated by Radial Distribution Functions (RDFs) indicating hydrogen bond formation at specific distances.

Catalog Number	ACM822162-1
CAS	822-16-2
Structure
Description	Vegetable-based aqueous thickener and gelling agent, emulsifying agent (o/w), and cleansing agent. Consists primarily of the sodium salts of saturated C16 & C18 fatty acids. Particle size (thru 100 mesh) approx. 0.4 micrometers.
Synonyms	Stearic acid, sodium salt
IUPAC Name	Sodium;octadecanoate
Molecular Weight	306.46
Molecular Formula	C18H35NaO2
Canonical SMILES	CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)[O-].[Na+]
InChI	RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI Key	InChI=1S/C18H36O2.Na/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20;/h2-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20);/q;+1/p-1
Melting Point	245 - 255ºC
Flash Point	162.4ºC
Purity	98%+
Density	1.103 g/cm³
Solubility	Soluble in hot water, alcohol and esters
Appearance	Off-white powder
Application	Stick cosmetics (e.g. deodorants), color cosmetics, soaps, creams, lotions, sunscreens, after sun care products.
Storage	Store in a closed container at a dry place at room temperature
Complexity	207
Composition	Sodium stearate
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count	2
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
Exact Mass	306.25347464
Heavy Atom Count	21
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	0
LogP	4.99780
Monoisotopic Mass	306.25347464
Physical State	Solid
Rotatable Bond Count	16
Stability	Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Storage Conditions	2-8ºC
Topological Polar Surface Area	40.1 Å²
WGK Germany	1