Poly(ethylene glycol)

Catalog Number	ACM25322683-54
CAS	25322-68-3
Structure
Description	PEG 400 (polyethylene glycol 400) is a low-molecular-weight grade of polyethylene glycol. It is a clear, colorless, viscous liquid. Due in part to its low toxicity, PEG 400 is widely used in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations.
Synonyms	PEG
Molecular Weight	7000-9000
Molecular Formula	H(OCH2CH2)nOH
Boiling Point	>250 °C
Melting Point	61-64 °C
Flash Point	171ºC
Purity	99%
Density	1.125
Solubility	Soluble in water (50 mg/mL at 25 °C), clear, colorless
Appearance	Solid
Storage	2-8 °C
EC Number	500-038-2
LogP	-1.02900
MDL Number	MFCD00081839
pH	5.5-7.0 (50 mg/mL in H₂O, 25 °C)
Physical State	Solid
Stability	Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Storage Conditions	2-8ºC

Knowledge & Learning Case Study Q&A

Poly(ethylene glycol) for the Preparation of Poly(ethylene glycol)-based Polyurethane Phase Change Materials

Huang R, et al. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2024, 698, 134544.

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) can be combined with dimethylglyoxime (DMG) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) to synthesize polyurethane phase change materials (DOU-PUPCMs) containing dynamic oxime-urethane bonds. In this process, PEG serves as the soft segment, imparting phase change properties to the material, while DMG acts as a chain extender, introducing oxime-amide groups. PTOL is used as a cross-linking agent, forming a cross-linked network. The resulting DOU-PUPCMs exhibit excellent thermal storage capacity and thermal stability. Notably, the incorporation of oxime-carbamate groups enhances the processability of these materials.
The preparation of DOU-PUPCMs involves the following steps:
Synthesis of Prepolymer: The appropriate amount of PEG is weighed and placed in a three-necked flask. The PEG is then heated in an oven at 110°C for 3 hours to remove any adsorbed water. Afterward, a measured amount of HDI and dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) is added to the flask, and the reaction is conducted in an oil bath at 80°C for 4 hours. The prepolymerization is considered complete when the residual -NCO content reaches the theoretical value, yielding a clear and transparent PEG-HDI prepolymer.
Crosslinking and Chain Extension: The temperature is lowered to 65°C, and a predetermined amount of DMG (dissolved in DMF) is added to the prepolymer solution. The reaction is allowed to proceed for 3 hours. PTOL (dissolved in DMF) is then added to the mixture, which is stirred for 20 minutes to ensure thorough mixing.
Film Formation: The final polyurethane solution is poured into PTFE molds and dried in a blast drying oven for 24 hours. This process results in uniform and transparent DOU-PUPCM films.

Poly(ethylene glycol) for the Preparation of Bentonite-polymer Composites

Seidi A, et al. Chemical Physics Impact, 2024, 9, 100673.

Poly(ethylene glycol) can be used to prepare natural bentonite-polyethylene glycol composites by wet acoustic polymer intercalation. The procedure is described below:
Step 1: In a beaker containing 500 ml of water, 25 µm of natural clay was added. Although the clay's particle size is less than 20 µm, it is preferable to have particles smaller than 2 µm, as XRD analysis of finer particles yields more intense diffraction patterns, making them more sensitive to slight variations in peak positions (diffraction angles).
Step 2: The natural clay-water mixture was homogenized using a magnetic stirrer at 90 ℃ for 4 hours. After this period, two phases were observed: a top phase consisting of very fine clay particles less than 2 µm in size, and a sedimented phase at the bottom, containing coarser clay particles and impurities.
Step 3: A 50 ml fraction from the upper phase (the colloidal suspension of fine clay particles) was extracted. This fraction was then centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes, with the process repeated 4 to 5 times. The resulting clay residue was dried in an oven at 90 ℃ and ground using a porcelain mortar.
Step 4: The amount of PEG required was calculated using the appropriate formula. PEG was then added to distilled water in a glass bottle, which was shaken vigorously to dissolve the PEG. The solution was placed on a rotary mixer for gentle agitation. Aqueous PEG solutions, with concentrations ranging from 8 to 40 g/l, were prepared in the same manner. The prepared samples were agitated for 1 hour at 58 ℃.
Step 5: Meanwhile, 6 g of purified bentonite was added to distilled water and stirred for 6 hours. The desired concentrations of the mixtures were achieved by adding the diluted aqueous PEG solutions to the bentonite dispersions in glass vials. These ternary solutions were stirred for 12 hours at room temperature and then heated for 6 hours at 50 ℃.
Step 6: Finally, the samples were centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 40 minutes. The remaining solid was washed, dried at 50 ℃ for 12 hours, and then ground into small pieces using a porcelain mortar for further analysis.

What is PEG used for in pharmaceutical products?

PEG is used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products in oral, topical, and parenteral dosage forms.

How is PEG being explored in the field of nerve and spinal cord injury?

Researchers are studying the possibility of using PEG to fuse axons in peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury.

How can PEG be used in the treatment of periodontitis?

PEG hydrogels can be used to encapsulate stem cells that promote healing in the gums. The gel with encapsulated stem cells is injected into the site of disease to create the microenvironment required for the stem cells to function.

What is the role of PEGylation in gene therapy?

PEGylation of adenoviruses for gene therapy can help prevent adverse reactions due to pre-existing adenovirus immunity.

What role does PEG play in mass spectrometry experiments?

PEG is commonly used as an internal calibration compound in mass spectrometry experiments, providing a characteristic fragmentation pattern for accurate tuning.

How is PEG used in the creation of hybridomas?

PEG is used to fuse B-cells and myelomas to create hybridomas, which are used for antibody production."

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