Mannitol

Catalog Number	ACM69658-5
CAS	69-65-8
Structure
Synonyms	Osmitrol
IUPAC Name	(2R,3R,4R,5R)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol
Molecular Weight	182.17
Molecular Formula	C6H14O6
Canonical SMILES	C(C(C(C(C(CO)O)O)O)O)O
InChI	InChI=1S/C6H14O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3-12H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-/m1/s1
InChI Key	FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N
Melting Point	167-170 °C
Purity	98%
Complexity	105
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count	1
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	4
Exact Mass	182.07903816
Heavy Atom Count	12
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	6
Isomeric SMILES	C([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O)O
Monoisotopic Mass	182.07903816
Physical State	Crystalline powder
Rotatable Bond Count	5
Topological Polar Surface Area	121 Ų

Knowledge & Learning Case Study Q&A

Mannitol Used in Hyaluronic Acid Formulation Development

André P, et al. Int J Cosmet Sci, 2017, 39(4), 355-360.

Mannitol has been used to develop hyaluronic acid (HA) formulations containing mannitol. Mannitol's free radical scavenging properties give it a dual mechanism of action when combined with HA fillers: reducing inflammation and swelling associated with the injection procedure itself, and protecting the injected HA from free radical degradation.
Evidence for the Antioxidant Effects of Mannitol
Numerous in vivo studies have demonstrated the effects of mannitol as a free radical scavenger. One study examined the protective effects of mannitol (0.5%) combined with sodium hyaluronate (2%)-a viscoelastic gel used to protect intraocular tissues during cataract procedures-compared to sodium hyaluronate preparations without mannitol. In this study, rabbit corneal endothelium was subjected to oxidative stress induced by different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Results showed that endothelial cell protection was greatest with the preparation containing mannitol at all concentrations of hydrogen peroxide.
In another study, to assess the effects of UV-induced environmental trauma, primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes were exposed to UVB radiation (290-320 nm). Low doses of UVB (62.5-500 mJ/cm²) caused dose-dependent increases in 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. This oxidative damage was reduced by 60.7% when the cells were pre-treated with 1 mM mannitol.

What is mannitol commonly used for as a medication?

Mannitol is used to decrease pressure in the eyes, such as in glaucoma, and to lower increased intracranial pressure.

How is mannitol typically given as a medication?

Medically, mannitol is given by injection or inhalation.

When do the effects of mannitol typically begin and how long do they last?

The effects of mannitol typically begin within 15 minutes and can last up to 8 hours.

What are some common side effects of mannitol when used medically?

Common side effects from medical use include electrolyte problems and dehydration.

What are some serious side effects that may occur from using mannitol?

Other serious side effects may include worsening heart failure and kidney problems.

Is it safe to use mannitol during pregnancy?

It is unclear if use is safe in pregnancy.

What is mannitol indicated for?

Mannitol is indicated for the reduction of intracranial pressure and treatment of cerebral edema and elevated intraocular pressure.

In what field is mannitol commonly used in analytical chemistry?

Mannitol can be used to form a complex with boric acid, which increases the acid strength of the boric acid and allows for better precision in volumetric analysis of this acid.

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