Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvant

Catalog Number	ACMA00024748
Description	The Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvant is a gel suspension containing sterilized aluminum phosphate. It undergoes bulk sterilization by heating it to 121 degrees Celsius at 2 ATM pressure, and then it is aseptically filled under laminar air flow.
Application	Aluminum phosphate adjuvants find applications in various areas, including basic research and development, as well as both small-scale and large-scale production. They are also utilized in the manufacturing of veterinary vaccines. Notably, aluminum phosphate adjuvants have been tested for their potential use in combination vaccines. In these experiments, protein vaccines that have been adsorbed onto the adjuvant were combined with DNA oligonucleotide vaccines. This technology shows promise, particularly in BALB/c systems, where surface and core antigens of the hepatitis B virus are used.
Content	AlPO4 2.0%
Feature	Under normal vaccine production conditions, when the pH is maintained between 6 and 8, the aluminum phosphate adjuvant particles carry a negative charge. This makes them highly capable of adsorbing positively charged antigens. For example, at a neutral pH isoelectric point of the protein, the adjuvant readily adsorbs alkaline antigens.
pH	7
Physical State	Liquid
Recommended Usage	This mixture of 5 to 15 mL and dried aluminum phosphate in doses of 400 to 800 mg.
Storage Conditions	Ships at room temperature and should be stored at room temperature. Do not freeze. Stable for 6 months.
Type	Adjuvants for protein-based vaccines

Knowledge & Learning Case Study Q&A

Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvant: Enhancing Vaccine Efficacy and Safety

Aluminum salt adjuvants have been used safely in vaccines for more than 70 years. Aluminum phosphate adjuvant is one of the most common aluminum adjuvants, which can enhance immunogenicity and improve vaccine design. Get more information on:

• Overview of Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvant
• The Role and Mechanism of Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvant
• In Which Vaccines Has Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvant Been Used?
• Aluminum Phosphate Safety Issues
• Improvement of Aluminum Phosphate Vaccine Adjuvant

How Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvants Play a Role in Vaccine Products

Zhang T, et al. Pharmaceutics, 2023, 15(6), 1756.

Aluminum phosphate (AlPO4, AP) adjuvants are critical components in vaccine formulations, playing a multifaceted role in vaccine efficacy by enhancing immune responses through various mechanisms. Stimulation mechanism of aluminum phosphate adjuvants is as follow:
Depot Effect
The depot effect involves the slow release of antigens at the injection site, creating a reservoir that allows for prolonged immune system stimulation. Antigens adsorbed to AP form a gel state that disperses antigenic components, increasing surface area and forming a granuloma at the injection site. This prevents rapid clearance of antigens by the liver and maintains long-term immune system activation.
Recruitment of Immune Cells
AP adjuvants stimulate innate immunity by recruiting various immune cells to the injection site. AP specifically attracts mononuclear cells and macrophages.
Enhancement of Antigen Uptake by APCs
APCs, including macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells (DCs), uptake antigens more efficiently when adsorbed to aluminum adjuvants. This enhances antigen concentration at the injection site, prolonging uptake time and immune impact.
Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Pro-Inflammatory Signaling Pathway
AP adjuvants activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, promoting the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18) from macrophages, enhancing immune responses.
Other Immune Stimulatory Mechanisms
AP adjuvants can activate complement pathways, enhance humoral responses, and promote mixed Th1/Th2 immune responses.

Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvant Enhances Immunogenicity of Recombinant Ad35 Malaria Vaccine

Ophorst OJAE, et al. Vaccine, 2007, 25(35), 6501-6510.

This case study explores the adjuvant effect of AlPO₄ on the recombinant Ad35.CS (rAd35.CS) malaria vaccine, focusing on its formulation, immunization procedures, and the resulting immunogenicity in mice, underscoring aluminum phosphate adjuvants' potential in improving recombinant vaccine efficacy for better immunogenic outcomes.
Vaccine Formulation:
The rAd35.CS vaccine is prepared by mixing equal volumes of the vaccine with a specified concentration of AlPO₄ in 20 mM Tris buffer (pH 8). The mixture is incubated at 4℃ for 30 minutes before use. This formulation method ensures the stability and effectiveness of the vaccine and adjuvant combination.
Adjuvant Effect of AlPO4 on rAd35.CS Vaccine
Experimental Design:
Female BALB/c mice (6-8 weeks old) are immunized intramuscularly with a single injection of 100 μl of rAd35.CS (1×10⁷ to 1×10¹⁰ vp/mouse).
The vaccine is either diluted in a standard formulation buffer (positive control) or mixed 1:1 with 0.5 mg/ml AlPO₄.
The selected dose of AlPO₄ corresponds to the dosage used in human vaccine applications.
Immune Response Assessment:
Serum and spleen cells are collected 8 weeks post-immunization.
Humoral immune response is determined using quantitative CS ELISA.
Cellular immune response is assessed using IFNγ ELISPOT.
The addition of AlPO₄ as an adjuvant to the rAd35.CS malaria vaccine significantly enhances both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. This enhancement allows for a reduction in the vaccine dose, making the formulation more efficient.

What are aluminum-based adjuvants commonly used for?

Aluminum-based adjuvants are commonly used in many human vaccines to enhance immune response.

What is the role of the physical adsorption of antigen in vaccine immunogenicity?

The physical adsorption of antigen may play a role in vaccine immunogenicity and is a useful marker of vaccine product quality and consistency.

What physicochemical properties of aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) are important to study?

Particle size and chemical composition are important physicochemical properties of aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) that are important to study.

How long have aluminum salts been safely used in vaccines?

Aluminum salts have been safely used in vaccines for more than 70 years.

What were aluminum salts initially used for in vaccines?

Aluminum salts were initially used in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s with diphtheria and tetanus vaccines to strengthen the body's immune response to these vaccines.

What are aluminum-containing adjuvants?

Aluminum-containing adjuvants are vaccine ingredients that have been used in vaccines since the 1930s to help the body build stronger immunity against the germ in the vaccine.

What does previous scientific research show about aluminum exposure from following the recommended vaccine schedule?

Previous scientific research has shown that the amount of aluminum exposure in people who follow the recommended vaccine schedule is low and is not readily absorbed by the body.

How can the vaccine adjuvant be effectively controlled throughout the manufacturing process?

The vaccine adjuvant can be effectively controlled throughout the manufacturing process by monitoring key product attributes such as particle size and chemical composition of aluminum phosphate (AlPO4).

Why is it important to monitor the key product attributes of the vaccine adjuvant?

Monitoring the key product attributes of the vaccine adjuvant is important to ensure product quality and consistency.

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Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvant (ACMA00024748)

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